Apush Chapter 7 Vocab

Republicanism Political theory of representative government, based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong tenseness on liberty and civic virtue. Influential in eighteenth-century American semipolitical thought, it stood as an alternative to monarchical rule. Radical Whigs- Eighteenth-century British political commentators who agitated against political corruption and emphasized the threat to liberty posed by arbitrary power. Their writings shaped American political thought and made colonists especially warn to encroachments on their rights. Sugar Act (1764) Duty on imported sugar from the West Indies.It was the first tax levied on the colonists by the crown and was lowered good in response to widespread protests. Quartering Act (1765) Required colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops. Many colonists resented the act, which they perceived as an encroachment on their rights. shape tax (1765) Widely unpopular tax on an array of paper goods, repea led in 1766 after mass protests erupted across the colonies. Colonists developed the principle of no taxation without representation which questioned Parliaments authority over the colonies and laid the foundation for future revolutionary claims.Stamp Act Congress (1765) Assembly of delegates from nine colonies who met in New York City to draft a petition for the repeal of the Stamp Act. Helped ease sectional suspicions and promote inter- colonial unity Sons of Liberty Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the Stamp Act and enforcing non-importation agreements Daughters of Liberty Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the Stamp Act and enforcing non-importation agreements Declaratory Act (1766) Passed alongside the repeal of the Stamp Act, it reaffirmed Parliaments unqualified sovereignty over the North American colonies.Townshend Acts (1767) External, or indirect, levies on glass, white lead, paper, paint and tea, the proce eds of which were used to pay colonial governors, who had previously been paid directly by colonial assemblies. Sparked another round of protests in the colonies. capital of Massachusetts Massacre (1770) Clash between unruly capital of Massachusettsian protestors and locally stationed British redcoats, who fired on the jeering crowd, killing or wounding eleven citizens.Boston Tea ships company (1773) rowdy protest against the British East India Companys newly acquired monopoly on the tea trade. Colonists, disguised as Indians, dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor, prompting sharp sanctions from the British Parliament. Intolerable Acts (1774) Series of punitive measures passed in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, closing the Port of Boston, revoking a number of rights in the Massachusetts colonial charter, and expanding the Quartering Act to allow for lodging of soldiers in private homes.In response, colonists convened the First Continental Congress and called for a c omplete boycott of British goods. First Continental Congress (1774) Convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that convened in Philadelphia to craft a response to the Intolerable Acts. Delegates established Association, which called for a complete boycott of British goods. Battles of Lexington and halt (April 1775) First battles of the Revolutionary War, fought outside of Boston.The colonial militia successfully defended their stores of munitions, forcing the British to retreat to Boston. Valley Forge (1777-1778_ Encampment where George Washingtons poorly outfit army spent a wretched, freezing winter. Hundreds of men died and more than a thousand deserted. The plight of the starving, shivering soldiers reflected the main weakness of the American armya lack of stable supplies and munitions John Hancock- wealthy colonial statesman whose fortunes were amassed by smuggling.Crispus Attucks- a freedman in the era of the abolitionist movement who was martyred in the Boston Massacre. George III- A good mofal man who proved to be a bad ruler, Earnest, industrious, stubborn, and lustful for power, he surrounded himself with cooperative yes men Samuel Adams a rebel ringleader desire out by British during Battles of Lexington and Concord Thomas Hutchinson Governor of Massachusetts at time of Boston Tea